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Real-time data (RTD) denotes information that is delivered immediately after collection. There is no delay in the timeliness of the information provided. Real-time data is often used for navigation or tracking.〔Wade, T. and Sommer, S. eds. ''(A to Z GIS )''〕 Some uses of this term confuse it with the term dynamic data. In reality, the presence of real-time data is irrelevant to whether it is dynamic or static. ==Real-time data in economics== Real-time economic data, and other official statistics, are often based on preliminary estimates, and therefore are frequently adjusted as better estimates become available. These later adjusted data are called revised data. The terms real-time economic data and real-time economic analysis were coined〔Dean Croushore (2011), '(Frontiers of Real-Time Data Analysis )'. ''Journal of Economic Literature'' 49 (1), pp. 72-100.〕 by Francis X. Diebold and Glenn D. Rudebusch.〔Francis X. Diebold and Glenn D. Rudebusch (1991), 'Forecasting Output with the Composite Leading Index: A Real-Time Analysis'. ''Journal of the American Statistical Association'' 86 (415), pp. 603–10.〕 Macroeconomist Glenn D. Rudebusch defined real-time analysis as 'the use of sequential information sets that were actually available as history unfolded.'〔Glenn D. Rudebusch (2002), '( Assessing Nominal Income Rules for Monetary Policy with Model and Data Uncertainty )'. ''Economic Journal'' 112 (479), pp. 402–32〕 Macroeconomist Athanasios Orphanides has argued that economic policy rules may have very different effects when based on error-prone real-time data (as they inevitably are in reality) than they would if policy makers followed the same rules but had more accurate data available.〔A. Orphanides and J.C. Williams (2006), '(Monetary Policy under Imperfect Knowledge )'. ''Journal of the European Economic Association'' 4 (2-3), pp. 366-375.〕 In order to better understand the accuracy of economic data and its effects on economic decisions, some economic organizations, such as the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia and the Euro-Area Business Cycle Network (EABCN), have made databases available that contain both real-time data and subsequent revised estimates of the same data. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Real-time data」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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